A-Z Index × Submit A-Z Index × Submit A-Z Index Search Dropdown × Submit Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Syndicate Emerging Infectious Disease journal ISSN: 1080-6059 Disclaimer: Early release articles are not considered as final versions. Any changes will be reflected in the online version in the month the article is officially released.
To assess the circulation of Oropouche, Mayaro, West Nile, and St. Louis encephalitis viruses, we tested samples from 824 patients with acute febrile illness, 3,484 mosquitoes, and 113 nonhuman primates from northern Minas Gerais, Brazil. All samples were negative for dengue, Chikungunya, and Zika virus. One imported Oropouche virus infection was detected.
In Brazil, Oropouche virus (OROV; Orthobunyavirus oropoucheense ), Mayaro virus (MAYV; Alphavirus Mayaro ), West Nile virus (WNV; Orthoflavivirus nilense ), and Saint Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV; Orthoflavivirus louisense )have been detected beyond areas in which they were traditionally known to circulate, and evidence suggests silent circulation of some of them in several regions ( 1 – 3 ). Those arboviruses are transmitted by mosquitoes and other hematophagous vectors and are maintained in transmission cycles involving vertebrate hosts ( 4 ). Changes in vector distribution, human mobility, and environmental conditions might favor their spread into new areas ( 5 ).
The state of Minas Gerais in southeastern Brazil has diverse climatic and ecologic conditions that might favor arbovirus transmission. In 2024, the state declared a public health emergency amid increased arboviral activity, including the first reported OROV infection ( 6 ). Serologicand molecular evidence also suggests circulation of WNV and SLEV in equids in the state ( 7 , 8 ), despite the absence of confirmed human SLEV cases.
The circulation of OROV, MAYV, WNV, and SLEV in northern and northeastern Minas Gerais remains poorly understood. We investigated those viruses in mosquitoes, nonhuman primates, and patients with acute febrile illness of unknown origin using an integrated One Health approach. Human samples were collected during 2023–2025, mosquito samples during 2019–2024, and nonhuman primate samples during 2019–2023.
Figure . Municipalities of Minas Gerais State, Brazil, where samples were collected in study of molecular surveillance for Oropouche, Mayaro, West Nile, and Saint Louis encephalitis viruses, Brazil, 2019–2025. Sampling sites covered...
Using a One Health approach, we conducted a cross-sectional study of human, mosquito, and nonhuman primate samples collected from 51 municipalities in northern and northeastern Minas Gerais, Brazil, to investigate the circulation of OROV, MAYV, WNV, and SLEV ( Figure ; Appendix Table 1). The study was approved by the Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri institutional review board and the appropriate animal ethics and wildlife authorities.
We analyzed serum samples collected during February 2023–February 2025 from patients with acute febrile illness who sought care at hospitals and primary healthcare facilities. Human samples were obtained from 23 municipalities and submitted to a reference laboratory for diagnostic investigation. We selected 824 serum samples from 5,821 patients with signs and symptoms compatible with arbovirus infection and negative quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) results for dengue virus, chikungunya virus, and Zika virus. Serum was collected within 5 days after symptom onse…